港里矿软破围岩采矿的分析与研究

港里矿围岩软弱破碎，随开采深度延伸，地压显现越来越剧烈，严重影响港里矿正常回采。为研究港里矿软破围岩采矿，分析了影响采矿正常进行的因素和机理，调整采矿的顺序，使港里矿软破围岩采矿的困难得到根本扭转，保证了采矿生产的正常进行，选择围岩稳固及充分卸压部位布置斜坡道和联巷、优先回采围岩破碎的高应力区是地压管理的关键问题。     

富水软岩巷道稳定性控制技术研究

富水条件下软岩巷道容易出现大变形及围岩强度大幅度降低等情况,对矿井的生产安全造成极大威胁。为探索富水软岩巷道稳定性控制技术,结合新上海一号煤矿113082工作面运输巷工程实例,采用理论分析方法研究了地下水对巷道围岩及支护结构的影响,提出围岩稳定性控制对策,并对控制方案进行数值模拟验证。针对富水软岩巷道,首先采取导、疏结合的控水措施,减小对原有围岩强度的影响,降低对支护结构的损害;其次采用全断面、多手段联合加固的支护措施,控制围岩变形。工程实际及数值模拟结果表明,对于富水软岩巷道采取以上技术措施,能够有效保证巷道的稳定性。     

水平岩层软弱基座危岩体演化过程研究

以重庆市甄子岩29号危岩体为研究对象，基于现场调查和分析解剖，建立UDEC离散元数值计算模型，对其演化变形过程进行模拟分析。研究表明，在巨大的自重作用下，由于基座岩体岩质软，岩体较破碎，且基座外侧为直立的陡崖，具有完整的临空面，从而使基座岩体易发生压缩流变及剪切流变，进而使危岩体存在滑移垮塌的危险。     

Design and construction of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic tunnel to study the free motions of solids in a uniform flow

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are increasingly important tools for marine applications. A reasonably reliable prediction of their six degrees of freedom (6DOF) motions is essential. The manoeuvrability of these unmanned submarines relies on the capability to predict the hydrodynamic forces on a freely moving submerged body. Numerical simulators integrating the full physics of the problem have been developed but their validation remains the key issue. Three-dimensional calculations still take too much computing power to complete the very large number of simulations which is required for a full validation procedure. Furthermore, a very large pool with expensive measuring devices is also necessary to obtain experimental results. It was therefore decided to construct a 2D hydrodynamic tunnel in which an object can move with three degrees of freedom solely subjected to gravity and hydrodynamic forces. In the present paper, we describe the experimental device ensuring a simple and rapid implementation of trials: a 2D channel with a constant uniform flow. A general validation is considered with an ellipse. The experimental trajectories are compared with the corresponding analytical results and discussed at the end of the paper.     

岩矿稀有金属化学分析技术浅析

分析当前较为常用的岩矿稀有元素分析技术方法,并对几种常见的稀有元素分析方法进行了阐述,希望为我国矿产勘探领域提供一些有价值的参考借鉴。     

The World robot summit disaster robotics category – achievements of the 2018 preliminary competition

The World Robot Summit is a robot Olympics and aims to be held in a different country every four years from 2020. The concept of the Plant Disaster Prevention challenge is daily inspections, checks, and emergency response in industrial plants, and in this competition, robots must carry out these types of missions in a mock-up plant. The concept of the Tunnel Disaster Response and Recovery challenge is emergency response to tunnel disasters, and is a simulation competition whereby teams compete to show their ability to deal with disasters, by collecting information and removing debris. The Standard Disaster Robotics challenge assesses, in the form of a contest, the standard performance levels of a robot that are necessary for disaster prevention and emergency response. The World Robot Summit Preliminary Competition was held at Tokyo Big Sight in October 2018, and 36 teams participated in the Disaster Robotics Category. UGVs and UAVs contended the merits of new technology for solving complex problems, using core technologies such as mobility, sensing, recognition, performing operations, human interface, autonomous intelligence etc., as well as system integration and implementation of strategies for completing missions, gaining high-level results.     

流量替代渗透率评价破碎性储层工作流体伤害程度

若地层岩石整体强度偏低,在力学环境改变后岩石易破碎成不规则破裂体,则储存油气资源的此类破碎地层被称为破碎性储层。由于破碎性储层在纵向上存在着较强的非均质性,通过测试单个柱塞岩样在工作流体伤害前后的渗透率变化难以体现工作流体对储层的整体伤害程度。为此,利用达西定律先从理论上探讨用流量替代渗透率定量表征储层伤害程度的可行性,再开展单层开采、双层及三层并采的流量测试实验,评价工作流体对单层、多层储层的整体伤害程度,并将流量损害率与渗透率损害率进行对比以求证流量替代渗透率的可行性。研究结果表明:①单层开采时,流量损害率与渗透率损害率基本一致,渗透率损害率是流量损害率的一种特殊形式;②双层及三层并采时,单层各自稳定流量损害率与渗透率损害率接近,且流量损害率可以定量表征并采储层的整体伤害程度,而渗透率损害率则无法定量表证;③稳定流量损害率较累积流量损害率更接近渗透率损害率。结论认为,测定稳定流量可以替代测定渗透率评价工作流体对破碎性储层的伤害程度,从而为优选工程技术与评价工作流体的适应性提供了方法依据。     

高应力区沿空留巷围岩现状监测研究与分析

陈四楼矿计划实施沿空留巷的2802运输巷，断层较多，直接顶厚度较大，巷道矿压显现较为明显。针对顶板下沉、两帮外鼓、顶板淋水较大、巷道顶板受压破碎、金属网锈蚀严重、压脱锚杆较多、两帮位移较大等现象，提出在高应力区采用矿压监测的方法，通过对巷道变形现状进行的监测分析，对巷道破坏变形程度有了清晰的认识，对造成巷道破坏变形原因和影响因素有了详细的分析，根据注浆加固可改善围岩结构，提高围岩承载能力及锚杆、锚索锚固性能，是一种较为有效的围岩控制措施，确定了需要采用注浆加固的方式对进行巷道围岩破坏变形治理，并根据现场实际情况对注浆材料的性能提出了要求。     

公路隧道喷射混凝土套拱加固结构力学特性

为研究喷射混凝土套拱加固前后二次衬砌与混凝土套拱的受力状况,依托陕西汉中至留坝段八里关隧道,运用有限元软件建立隧道混凝土结构套拱加固分析模型,并通过现场监测获取二次衬砌与套拱间的接触压力、套拱格栅拱架钢筋应力、套拱混凝土应力,将数值模拟结果与现场测试结果相结合,得出套拱结构的一般受力变化规律。结果表明:套拱加固前衬砌结构的最不利荷载位置位于施工缝附近的拱顶、拱肩与拱脚处; 由于衬砌局部变形与温度应力的影响,套拱混凝土应力变化呈现反复“上升-下降-上升”最后趋于稳定的特点; 套拱的作用是控制二次衬砌的进一步变形,套拱施作后所承受荷载较小,套拱反作用力远小于围岩作用于衬砌的应力,在应力计算中不应将衬砌与套拱作为整体计算; 套拱结构数值模拟所得的结果与现场测试套拱结构内力(轴力、弯矩)的大小及分布相似度高,但在衬砌裂损严重部位,数值模拟所得结果误差较大,应以现场测试结果为准。     

煤矿岩巷快速掘进技术的探讨

随着煤矿开采强度的增大,采掘接替紧张问题已经成为限制煤炭产量进一步提升的障碍。要想缓解采掘接替紧张的情况,就要实现巷道的快速掘进。虽然煤巷的快速掘进问题已经解决,但是,岩巷的快速掘进是难点。简要阐述了目前常用的几种岩巷掘进技术,在此基础上分析了实现岩巷快速掘进的方法,以期为采矿掘进技术人员日后工作的顺利进行提供参考。